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前沿速递 | ncs 集萃:2026-10-08 期

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六羰基钅喜中相对论键弱化的观测

Observation of relativistic bond weakening in seaborgium hexacarbonyl

Yakushev A, Khuyagbaatar J, Dullmann CE, ... , Schausten B, Uusitalo J, Wieczorek P.; nature; (658, 8135)

The seventh row of the periodic table of the elements has been completed with the discovery of the five heaviest elements from flerovium (Fl, Z = 114) through oganesson (Og, Z = 118). Chemical properties of the superheavy elements (SHE, Z ≥ 104) are unique owing to the strong influence of relativistic effects on their valence electron shells. The stability of the metal-ligand bonding in carbonyl complexes is a property that is predicted to be affected by such effects. Here we present an experime
随着鉝(Fl,Z = 114)到鉝(Og,Z = 118)这五种最重元素的发现,元素周期表第七行已完整;由于相对论效应对价电子壳层的强烈影响,超重元素(SHE,Z ≥ 104)的化学性质独特,其中金属-配体键在羰基配合物中的稳定性被预测会受此类效应影响,本文通过气相色谱实验研究了Sg(CO)6配合物的稳定性,测得其与W(CO)6的形成产率后确定了Sg(CO)6的首键解离能(FBDE),该值比W(CO)6低4(2) kJ mol-1、为188(9) kJ mol-1,表明周期表第6族六羰基化合物的FBDE从钨(W)到𬭶(Sg)呈下降趋势,此结果与理论计算一致(因Sg的6d原子轨道相对论失稳导致FBDE降低),同时报告了Sg(CO)6在金表面的吸附焓为45±6+4kJmol-1。
𬭶(Sg)六羰基配合物的首键解离能低于同族钨(W)对应物,证实相对论效应致其6d轨道失稳并逆转了周期表第6族的FBDE递增趋势。
 

二硫纶叶立德碳烯转移实现环丙烷化

Carbene transfer from thianthrenium ylides for cyclopropanation

Behera D, Chatterjee S, Adorjan A, ... , Altun A, Neese F, Ritter T.; nature; (658, 8135)

Carbenes are reactive divalent carbon intermediates that serve as one-carbon synthons to access cyclopropanes. The synthetic utility of these three-membered carbocycles has led chemists to accept the dangers associated with the explosive starting materials or intermediates required for both conventional and modern cyclopropanation reactions. Sulfonium salts, although safer, have not been competitive for cyclopropanation because they typically do not function as efficient carbene donors. In all c
卡宾作为活性二价碳中间体,是合成环丙烷的重要一碳合成子。尽管传统及现代环丙烷化反应常需使用爆炸性起始原料或中间体,但化学家仍接受其风险以利用这些三元碳环的合成价值;硫鎓盐虽更安全,却因无法高效传递卡宾而未被广泛用于环丙烷化——现有方法中,多样性仅能通过烯烃或卡宾单方引入(如多数现代方法仅适用于苯乙烯等活化烯烃)。本研究揭示了烷基硫蒽鎓盐与所有其他卡宾前体的概念差异:其独特的立体位阻和低路易斯碱性可避免其他硫鎓盐在势能面上存在的能量较低局部极小值问题,从而同时实现烯烃与卡宾双方的多样性引入,并展现出高反应活性和优异安全性,支持固态球磨规模化应用。该特性使硫蒽鎓叶立德成为兼具反应性与安全性的通用金属卡宾试剂平台,不仅限于环丙烷化,还可拓展至σ键插入、周环重排等多种卡宾转移反应。
烷基硫蒽鎓盐作为新型卡宾前体,首次实现了烯烃与卡宾双方结构多样性的兼容,兼具高反应活性和安全性,可扩展至多种卡宾转移反应。
 

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